power = lambda x : x * x
under_3 = lambda x : x<3
list_input_a = [ 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 ,6]
output_a = map(power, list_input_a)
print("result map() function")
print(f"map(power, list_input_a): {output_a}")
print(f"map(under_3, list_input_a): {list(output_a)}")
print()
output_b = filter(under_3, list_input_a)
print("result filter() function")
print(f"filter(power, list_input_a): {output_b}")
print(f"filter(under_3, list_input_a): {list(output_b)}")
### Explaining the Source Code Line by Line
1. **`power = lambda x : x * x`**: This line defines a lambda function named `power` that takes a single argument `x` and returns its square (`x * x`). Lambda functions are anonymous functions in Python, defined using the `lambda` keyword.
2. **`under_3 = lambda x : x<3`**: Here, another lambda function named `under_3` is defined, which takes a single argument `x` and returns `True` if `x` is less than 3, and `False` otherwise.
3. **`list_input_a = [ 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 ,6]`**: Initializes a list named `list_input_a` with integers from 1 to 6.
4. **`output_a = map(power, list_input_a)`**: Applies the `power` lambda function to every element in `list_input_a` using the `map` function. The `map` function returns a map object which is an iterator of the results.
5. **`print("result map() function")`**: Prints a string to indicate that the following lines will show results from using the `map()` function.
6. **`print(f"map(power, list_input_a): {output_a}")`**: Attempts to print the `map` object directly, which won't display the processed list but will show the `map` object itself. This line appears to contain an error in the demonstration as it does not convert the `map` object to a list for display, and the variable `output_a` is used incorrectly in the string formatting.
7. **`print(f"map(under_3, list_input_a): {list(output_a)}")`**: Tries to print the results of mapping `under_3` over `list_input_a`, but it actually prints the results of the previous `map(power, list_input_a)` operation converted to a list. This is a mistake in the comment, as the operation being printed is from mapping `power`, not `under_3`.
8. **`print()`**: Prints an empty line for readability.
9. **`output_b = filter(under_3, list_input_a)`**: Uses the `filter` function with the `under_3` lambda function to filter out elements from `list_input_a` that do not satisfy the condition (i.e., elements that are greater than or equal to 3). The result is a filter object which is an iterator.
10. **`print("result filter() function")`**: Prints a header indicating the upcoming results are from using the `filter()` function.
11. **`print(f"filter(power, list_input_a): {output_b}")`**: This line mistakenly attempts to show the result of filtering with `power`, which is not correct. It should be demonstrating the result of filtering with `under_3`. It prints the `filter` object itself instead of converting it to a list for display.
12. **`print(f"filter(under_3, list_input_a): {list(output_b)}")`**: Correctly prints the results of filtering `list_input_a` with `under_3` by converting the filter object to a list, which shows the elements of `list_input_a` that are less than 3.
There are a couple of inaccuracies and points of confusion in the comments and the print statements regarding what is being demonstrated (map vs. filter, power vs. under_3). However, the key Python concepts of lambda functions, map, and filter operations are correctly implemented.
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